The Theme of Freedom in Kafkas Metamorphosis Essay -- Kafka Metamorph

The Theme of Freedom in Kafka's Metamorphosis One of Franz Kafka's most notable and regularly reprimanded works is the short, Incredible, or The Metamorphosis. The Metamorphosis is generally strange in that the primary sentence is the peak; the remainder of the story is fundamentally falling activity (Greenburg 273). The peruser discovers that Gregor Samsa, the story's fundamental character, has been transformed into a tremendous bug. In spite of this reality, Gregor keeps on acting and think like any ordinary human would, which makes the start of the story both lamentable and hilarious simultaneously. Be that as it may, one can't resist the opportunity to ask why Gregor has experienced this ugly change, and what reason it might serve in the story. Upon assessment, it appears that Gregor's transformation speaks to the two his opportunity from keeping up his whole money related dependability and his family's opportunity from their reliance upon Gregor. Some time before the story happens, Gregor Samsa's dad had a business disappointment that left him somewhere down owing debtors. His child, Gregor, functions as a business explorer for the organization to whom he owes cash; as a result, Gregor is gradually working off his dad's obligation. Gregor isn't content with his activity, which Greenburg calls corrupting and soul-devastating, yet accepts that his family's presence relies on him giving up himself by working at this aimless... work, thus he proceeds (274). Heinz Politzer goes far enough to state that Gregor is a captive to his chief (276), which would suggest that there will never be a way out for Gregor-at any rate, no traditional break. Be that as it may, Gregor escapes from his life of contracted servancy-by turning into a monster bug. Walter H. Sokel clarifies the impact of the transformation on his occupat... ...om House, 1963 Greenberg, Martin . The Terror of Art: Kafka and Modern Literature. New York: Basic Books, 1968. Kafka, Franz. The Metamorphosis and Other Stories. first ed. Deciphered by Stanley Appelbaum. New York: Dover Publications, 1996. Repel, Idris, 'The Talk of Guilty Men' (1981), in: Parry, Speak Silence. Papers, Manchester 1988. Politzer, Heinz, Franz Kafka: Parable and Paradox, Ithaca N.Y. 1962 Sokel, Walter H. The Writer in Extremis, Expressionism in Twentieth-Century German Literature. first ed. California: Stanford University Press, 1969. Works Consulted Pawel, Ernst. A Nightmare of Reason: A Life of Franz Kafka. second ed. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1984. Suchoff, David. Basic Theory and the Novel: Mass Society and Cultural Criticism in Dickens, Melville and Kafka. fifth ed. Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, 1994.

Pan American World Airways, Inc Essays - Pan American World Airways

Skillet American World Airways, Inc Skillet American World Airways, Inc (Pan Am) is a New York organization sorted out in 1927 which is occupied with business air transportation which it spearheaded between the United States and most territories of the world. Container Am Partnership (the Corporation), a Delaware organization, is and since September 14, 1984 has been the parent of Pan Am, it's head auxiliary. For as long as hardly any years Pan Am's money related condition has been very poor. The organization detailed a united total deficit for 1986 of $469.3 million. The 1988 total deficit incorporated an addition of $89.1 million coming about because of the offer of Pan Am's Airbus A320 airplane and conveyance positions. This addition was somewhat offsetted by a save of $25.7 million identified with the misfortune on special of Pan Am's auxiliary, which is answerable for the advertising of overabundance stock, and 18 million of year-end modifications. Dish Am's traveler traffic was solid in 1988. An expansion of 12.2 percent on limit of 11.2 percent. This was because of the aftereffect of fortifying of different European monetary standards against the U.S. dollar, passage increments in the market, upgraded the executives frameworks and strategies, as well as projects to diminish the reliance on discount ticket disseminations all through the Atlantic, Latin America, Domestic, and systemwide. Eventhough income was solid in 1988, work and different costs expanded at a higher rate as an outcome of endeavors to improve administration and viability of the activity. Work costs were higher in 1988 due to the consequence of an expansion in the quantity of workers during the year. Likewise the expansion of expanded fuel costs, commissions, bought administrations, airplane rentals, and a $24.0 million remote trade misfortune had a negative sway on the enterprise. 1987 costs were affected by increments in costs for fuel, commissions, support materials and other working costs which surpassed desires. Work cost decreases were not accomplished in 1987. Different misfortunes which happened was the settlement of a $18 million arrangement for the proposed settlement of an age separation suit, and just as $42.0 million for expanded stipends for stock outdated nature, uncollected receivables and expenses related with the WorldPass regular customer program. Organization BACKGROUND Container Am lead by it's organizer Juan Trippe, for all intents and purposes without any assistance opened up the world to business flight. Overflowing with experience, universal interest, and monetary controls, this sky-struck youthful man with colossal aspiration and vision took a seaplane conveying mail 90 miles from Key West to Havana and extended the activity into the immense around the world carrier that at one time viewed itself as the picked instrument of the State Department abroad. The carrier was considered so official by Washington that Trippe had capacity to make manages outside governments abroad . In 1934 individuals thought it was essentially difficult to cross the Pacific via air, however Trippe saw an approach to do it. Using the popular Clipper Flying Boats, Trippe accomplished the outlandish, and began the universes first trans-atlantic trips to europe, asia, and south america. Dish Am accomplished incredible statures with the assistance of pilots like Charles Lindbergh, who opened numerous early courses, and saint pilot Eddie Musick, who spearheaded courses over the Pacific, and also Andre Priester, the building wonder behind the early flying pontoons. Right now Pam Am gives constant help from the states to 36 areas in europe, asia, and south america. The organization endeavors to give the best support of every one of it's goals than the various transporters all in all. By and by the aircraft is attempting to accomplish a Corporate Image to pull in more specialists in this way expanding traveler incomes. Evaluation OF COMPANY'S PERFORMANCE AND FINANCIAL CONDITION By and large, the momentary liquidity of Pan Am appears to have a stable pattern yet is poor contrasted with the normal business' proportions. Through the previous two years next to no progressions can be found for the time being liquidity proportions. The firm analysis proportion places it in the lower quartile. With respect to capital structure and long haul dissolvability we can just say that the firm is encountering overwhelming misfortunes and is depending on long haul advances and tied down notes so as to back themselves. An investor shortage and net misfortunes gave all record proportions negative qualities. So again we can see that the capital structure and long haul dissolvability of the firm is very poor. Profit for speculations where very poor since no change happened on the return of speculation and profit for value because of the investor shortage. With respect to working execution proportions, these figures where very poor likewise because of substantial misfortunes in working

Slidell, John

Slidell, John Slidell, John slidel ´, sli ´d?l [key], 1793â€"1871, American political leader and diplomat, b. New York City. He became a prominent lawyer and political figure in New Orleans and served as a Democrat in Congress (1843â€"45). In 1845, Slidell was appointed special U.S. envoy to Mexico to adjust the Texas boundary and to negotiate the purchase of California and New Mexico; the Mexican government, which had broken off diplomatic relations after the U.S. Congress had provided for the annexation of Texas, refused to receive him (see Mexican War ). Senator from Louisiana (1853â€"61), he was influential in securing the nomination and election of James Buchanan to the presidency (1856) and was a power in the administration. Slidell joined the Confederate cause early in 1861. Appointed Confederate commissioner to France the same year, he figured with James M. Mason in the Trent Affair . Although cordially received in Paris, Slidell was unable to get official recognition or any material ai d for the Confederacy from the French emperor, Napoleon III. After the Civil War, Slidell resided in France. See L. M. Sears, John Slidell (1925); B. Willson, John Slidell and the Confederates in Paris (1932, repr. 1970). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

The Florida Orchestra’s Program - 730 Words

On April 11, 2014 The Florida Orchestra performed Wolfgang Mozart’s Symphony No. 28 in C major, K, 200, David Diamond’s Symphony No. 4, and Johannes Brahms Quartet No.1 for Piano and Strings in G minor at the David A. Straz Center for the Performing Arts, Ferguson Hall in Tampa, Florida. Gerard Schwarz, guest conductor, led the Florida Orchestra for each of the compositions. According to The Florida Orchestra Program the list of performers for the violin is Jeffrey Multer, Nancy Chang, Jeffrey Smick, Lei Liu, Sarah Shellman, Lucas Guideri, Valerie Adams, Toula Bonie, Saundra Buscemi, Mary Corbett, Linda Gaines, Oleg Geyer, Cynthia Gregg, Linda Hall, Yan Jiang Lu, Evelyn Pupello, Claudia Rantucci, and Virginia Respess. The list of performers for the viola is Ben Markwell, Kathie Aagaard, Karl Bawel, Lewis Brinin, Alan Gordon, Alison Heydt, Kenneth Kwo, Warren Powell, and Barbara Rizzo. The list of performers for the violoncello is James Connors, Lowell Adams, Rebecca Bia losky, Alfred Gratta, Gretchen Langlitz, Laura McKey Smith, and Merrilee Wallbrunn. The list of performers for the bass is Dee Moses, John DiMura, Roger Funk, Alan Glick, James Petrecca, and Deborah Schmidt. The list for performers for the flute is Clay Ellerbroek, Daphne Soellner, and Lewis Sligh. Lewis Sligh was the only piccolo performer. The list of performers for the oboe is Shawn Welk, Lane Lederer, and Jeffrey Stepehenson. Jeffrey Stephenson also performed during the night playing the EnglishShow MoreRelatedMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pagesorganisation is very determined to maintain excellent links with implant recipients and the surgeons and audiologists that work with them. For example, in 2002, 70 surgeons attended the Sydney facility through Cochlear’s ongoing visiting surgeon program. Cochlear has around 1000 staff representing 70 nations. It has an excellent training system for new staff. For example, in 2002, 43 ne w staff attended the Sydney headquarters for intensive training in the technology of implants and all aspects of

Why Do Some People Pay Attention - 1346 Words

The Models Why do some people pay attention to certain models and not others? Why do people imitate the same behavior differently? These are the questions Bandura (1977) attempted to answer in identifying some of the variables that influence the modeling process. Characteristics of the model, for example, determine to some extent whether or not they will be imitated. Models who are more similar to the person observing the behavior are more likely to be imitated, thus girls tend to imitate others of their same gender, and boys, vice versa. Models who are competent--perceived to have power and prestige--are also more likely to be imitated. Movie stars and athletes, as a result, often find their behavior and appearance imitated. Finally,†¦show more content†¦The four processes are attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation. †¢ Attention Observers must attend to the modeled behavior. Attention is influenced by characteristics of the observer (perceptual abilities, cognitive abilities, arousal, past performance) and characteristics of the behavior or event such as relevance, novelty, affective valence, and functional value. †¢ Retention In order to reproduce an observed behavior, observers must be able to remember features of the behavior. Again, this process is influenced by observer characteristics (cognitive capabilities, cognitive rehearsal) and event characteristics (complexity). †¢ Reproduction To reproduce a behavior, the observer must organize responses in accordance with the model. Observer characteristics affecting reproduction include physical and cognitive capabilities and previous performance. †¢ Motivation The decision to reproduce (or refrain from reproducing) an observed behavior is dependent on the motivations and expectations of the observer, including anticipated consequences and internal standards. Basic Assumptions of social learning theory: Social-cognitive theory is grounded by several basic assumptions. There are five assumptions of social learning theory: 1. People can learn by observing others. Learners can acquire new behaviors and knowledge by simply observing a model. A model is a person who demonstrates behavior for someone else. In our Electric

Metaqualone Free Essays

Methaqualone is sedative-hypnotic drug that is similar in effect to barbiturates, a general Central Nervous System depressant. This drug was mainly used in the 1960s and 1970s for the treatment of insomnia, and as a muscle relaxant. Methaqualone was first synthesized in India in 1951 by Lindra Kishore Kacker and Syed Hussain Zaheer. We will write a custom essay sample on Metaqualone or any similar topic only for you Order Now By 1965 it was the most commonly prescribed sedative in Britain. In 1972 it was the sixth bestselling sedative in the US, where it was legal under the brand name Quaalude. Methaqualone is a drug that helps the relief of tension, mental stress, and anxiety. Short Term Effects Short term effects include a reduction of mental activity, cardiac and respiratory depression, drowsiness, reduced heart rate, reduced respiration and increased sexual arousal. The abuse of this drug gives rise to a barbiturate-type dependence. Long Term Effects Liver damage can result from long term abuse of methaqualone or from ingestion of heavily adulterer methaqualone. The liver is responsible for metabolizing or processing drugs in the body, and impurities in the drug can cause irreversible damage to the organ. Methaqualone also affects muscle movement and coordination and can produce parethesia, a â€Å"pins and needles† sensation, commonly in the face and fingers. Large doses also cause a heightened pain threshold, and uncontrolled muscle twitching. Physically Addicting or Psychologically Addicting Methaqualone is highly addictive both physically and psychologically, and continuous moderate to heavy usage leads to tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms. Death Associated with Drug Coma and death can result from using methaqualone. Ingestion of more than 800 mg of methaqualone in an adult and 150 mg in a child is considered toxic. The average lethal oral dose is 8-20 grams (100-200 mg/kg) and coma can occur after ingestion of 2. 4 grams. Methaqualone can also cause coma or death at lower levels if it is taken with another CNS depressant such as alcohol. Slang/Street Names of Drug Common street names for methaqualone are: Quaalude, Lude, Quat, Quad, Mandex, and Sopors. How the Drug is Taken Methaqualone can be injected, and also taken orally. It is manufactured in tablets or capsules. Methaqualone can also be found in brown, gray or black tacky powder. An average dose of methaqualone is about 3 grams but it also depends on the persons body height, weight, and the use of any other drug. Within 4-8 hours of taking the drug the user may experience slurred speech. Affects on Fetal Development Methaqualone passes through the breast milk in lactating women. Animal studies have shown the drug to cause birth defects when used during pregnancy. References http://www. streetdrugs. org. info@streetdrugs. org. Copyright Publishers Group, 1996. Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse. http://www. well. com/user/woa/fsseda. htm How to cite Metaqualone, Papers

The Mission Essay Example For Students

The Mission Essay The Mission† is a motion picture, directed by Roland Joffe in 1986, about a Jesuit mission that is threatened by greed and imperialism in the late 18th century in the Brazilian jungle. Father Gabriel, played by Jeremy Irons, climbs the mountains of Brazil to bring Christianity to the natives. He is successful and brings about a golden age among them. Mendoza, played by Robert De Niro, a slave trader, kills his brother, Felipe played by Aidan Quinn, in a fit of rage over a woman named Carlotta, played by Cherie Lunghi. Only Fr. Gabriels leadership prevents his suicide. Gabriel brings Mendoza to work at his mission with the natives, and Mendoza finds peace and asks to become a priest. The Church, under pressure, gives the land up to the Portuguese who will allow slave traders in again. Mendoza breaks his vows and organizes the natives to fight against the Portuguese while Gabriel warns him not to fight and instead to help them as a priest. At the end of the movie Fr. Gabriel cour ageously leads a procession with the Host through the battle. He is martyred along with almost everyone else. Only a few young natives are left, whom because they have been touched by God, to rebuild the community. We will write a custom essay on The Mission specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This movie, more than most I have ever seen, demonstrates graphically, from a normal, human point of view, the net result of the union of passion and greed, where one compliments the other. The two main reasons the mission is threatened, as I have said before, are imperialism and greed. Greed is an excessive desire to acquire or possess more than what one needs or deserves, especially with respect to material wealth. In this movie, that translates into, how the Portuguese only wanted to gain these lands for profit. Since natives lived there the Portuguese wanted to gain the land so they could trade slaves there. This was the whole reason Mendoza disregarded his vows and fought against the Portuguese. The other reason, imperialism, is the policy of extending a nations authority by territorial acquisition or by the establishment of economic and political domination over other nations. In this case, the Portuguese wanted to acquire the lands belonging to the natives because of economic reasons. The major theme of this movie is represented in a quote. This quote is, â€Å"The church is the bride of Christ, she is also the cross on which he is daily crucified.† The Bride of Jesus Christ is not a what, it’s a who. She is the many membered body of Jesus Christ that is carrying on the Message sent to her from God, she is the Church. â€Å"For the marriage of the Lamb is come, And His wife hath made herself ready.† –Revelation 19:7, and â€Å"And there came unto me one of the seven angels which had the seven vials full of the seven last plagues, and talked with me, saying, Come hither, I will shew thee the bride, the Lambs wife.†-Revelation 21:9, are two quotes from the Bible including the word â€Å"bride†, this bride referred to is the Church. When we say â€Å"it is the cross on which he is daily crucified,† to me seems to be talking about the Eucharist and mass. Everyday the church celebrates the mass, where we sacrifice Jesus up to God, and where we remember his death on the cross, which opened up the Gates of Heaven. This could also mean another thing, this could be talking about how the Church is always holy but its members are not. This is sort of paradoxical, however it is true, we as Catholics may not be at all times holy, but the Church as the Bride of Christ is forever holy. .ub5e7f5ad76132c09e78f2313a48689cd , .ub5e7f5ad76132c09e78f2313a48689cd .postImageUrl , .ub5e7f5ad76132c09e78f2313a48689cd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub5e7f5ad76132c09e78f2313a48689cd , .ub5e7f5ad76132c09e78f2313a48689cd:hover , .ub5e7f5ad76132c09e78f2313a48689cd:visited , .ub5e7f5ad76132c09e78f2313a48689cd:active { border:0!important; } .ub5e7f5ad76132c09e78f2313a48689cd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub5e7f5ad76132c09e78f2313a48689cd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub5e7f5ad76132c09e78f2313a48689cd:active , .ub5e7f5ad76132c09e78f2313a48689cd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub5e7f5ad76132c09e78f2313a48689cd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub5e7f5ad76132c09e78f2313a48689cd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub5e7f5ad76132c09e78f2313a48689cd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub5e7f5ad76132c09e78f2313a48689cd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub5e7f5ad76132c09e78f2313a48689cd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub5e7f5ad76132c09e78f2313a48689cd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub5e7f5ad76132c09e78f2313a48689cd .ub5e7f5ad76132c09e78f2313a48689cd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub5e7f5ad76132c09e78f2313a48689cd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Atomic Bomb EssayThis movie has many excellent features. It contains wonderful camera work, breathtaking scenery, and really good performances from Irons and De Niro. All these things make the film quite powerful, and it can really draw the viewer in. However, one cannot help but feel engrossed during the movie and yet unsatisfied at the conclusion. All around however, this movie was great and I’d strongly recommend it. Music

How to Say In Other Words in Spanish

How to Say In Other Words in Spanish In everyday conversation, it is common to rephrase what we say, perhaps to add a nuance of meaning, perhaps to make ourselves easier to understand. When doing so, we often use a phrase such as in other words, to put it another way or, more formally, that is to say. Similar phrases are used in Spanish. Here are five of the common ones along with examples of their use: 5 Common In Other Words Phrases en otros tà ©rminos En otros tà ©rminos, cesà ³ la controversia. (In other words, the controversy ended.) La relacià ³n entre la generacià ³n adulta mayor y los nià ±os - o, en otros tà ©rminos, entre abuelos y nietos - siempre constituyà ³ para Lila Villalba un tema especial en su vida profesional. (The relationship between the older adult generation and the children - or, in other words, between grandparents and grandchildren - always was a special subject in the professional life of Lila Villalba.) dicho de otra manera O dicho de otra manera, piensan que la muerte sà ³lo conduce a la nada. (Or, in other words, they think that death leads only to nothingness.) Dicho de otra manera, si la distancia aumenta 2 veces, la fuerza aumenta 2 veces. (Said another way, if the distance doubles, the force doubles.) en otras palabras En otras palabras la fuente no tiene que estar instalada para que el usuario vea correctamente el archivo. (In other words, the source does not have to be installed for the user to correctly see the file.) Creo en otras palabras que lo que Lula intentar hacer es modernizar el paà ­s. (I believe, in other words, that what Lula will try to do is modernize the country.) es decir Quien controla el agua controla la vida, es decir el poder. (The one who controls the water controls life, that is to say, controls the power.) El Homo sapiens sapiens - es decir, nosotros - surgià ³ de la cadena evolutiva hace tan sà ³lo unos 45 mil aà ±os. (Homo sapiens sapiens - that means us - sprung forth from the evolutionary chain only some 45,000 years ago.) o sea Và ©ase el FAQ, o sea, las preguntas ms usuales). (See the FAQ, that is to say, the most frequently asked questions.) El capitalismo es un sistema social, o sea una forma como en una sociedad estn organizadas las cosas y las personas. (Capitalism is a social system, meaning a way in which things and people are organized in a society.)

The Nighttime Sky Holds Many Stars

The Nighttime Sky Holds Many Stars The nighttime sky looks like it has millions of stars visible to observers. Thats because we live in a galaxy that has hundreds of millions of them. However, we cant really see all of them with the naked eye from our backyards. It turns out that the skies of Earth have, at most, around ten thousand stars that can be spotted with the naked eye. However, not everyone can see all the stars; they see only whats overhead in their own region. Light pollution and atmospheric hazes reduce the number of stars that can be seen even more. On average, however, the most anyone can really see (with very good eyesight and from a very dark viewing area) is around three thousand stars. People living in very big cities still see a few stars, while those in country areas away from lights can see more.   The best places to see stars are dark-sky sites, such as Canyonlands National Park or from onboard a ship in the middle of the ocean, or high in the mountains. Most people do not have access to such areas, but they can get away from most city lights by going out into the countryside. Or, if viewing from in the city  is someones only choice, they can pick an observing spot that is shaded from nearby lights. That increases the chances of seeing a few more stars.   If our planet was in a region of the galaxy with a lot more stars, chances are stargazers really WOULD see tens of thousands of stars at night. Our section of the Milky Way is, however, less well-populated than the core for example. If our planet could be in the center of the galaxy, or perhaps in a globular cluster, the sky would shimmer with starlight. In fact, in a globular cluster, we might never have dark skies! In the center of the galaxy, we might be stuck in a cloud of gas and dust, or perhaps be subjected to forces from the black hole at its heart. So, in a way, while our location in the outskirts of the Milky Way reveals fewer stars to stargazers, its a safer place to have a planet with dark skies.   Stargazing Among the Visible Stars So, what can be learned from the stars that observers CAN see? For one thing, people often notice that some stars appear white, while others are bluish, or orangey or reddish.   Most, however, appear to be a dull white.  Where does the color come from? The stars surface temperature gives a clue- the hotter they are, the more blue and white they are. The redder they are, the cooler they are. So, a blue-white star is hotter than a yellow or orange star, for example. Red stars are usually fairly cool (as stars go). Its important to remember, however, that a stars color isnt vivid, its more likely very pale or pearlescent. Also, the materials that make up a star (that is, its composition) can make it look red or blue or white or orange. Stars are primarily hydrogen, but they can have other elements in their atmospheres and interiors. For example, some stars that have a lot of the element carbon in their atmospheres look redder than other stars.   Figuring out Brightness of Stars Among those three thousand stars, observers can also notice differences in their brightnesses. A stars brightness is often referred to as its magnitude and thats simply a way to put numbers to the different brightnesses we see among all the stars. What affects that brightness? A couple of factors come into play. A star can look bright or dim depending on far away it is. But, it can also look bright because its very hot. Distance AND temperature play a role in magnitude.   A very hot, bright star that lies very far away from us appears dim to us. If it was closer,   it would be brighter. A cooler, intrinsically dim star might look very bright to us if it was very close by. Most stargazers are interested in something called visual (or apparent) magnitude, which is the brightness it will appear to the eye. Sirius, for example, is -1.46, which means that its quite bright. It is, in fact, the brightest star in our night sky. The Sun is magnitude -26.74 and is THE brightest star in our daytime sky. The dimmest magnitude anyone can detect with the naked eye is around magnitude 6.   The intrinsic magnitude of a star is how bright it is due to its own temperature, regardless of distance. Astronomy researchers are much more interested in this number since it gives some clue about conditions inside the star. But, for backyard stargazers, that figure is less important than visual magnitude.   While our viewing is limited to a few thousand stars (with the naked eye), of course, observers can seek out more distant stars using binoculars and telescopes. With magnification, new populations of stars widen the view for observers who want to explore more of the sky. Edited and expanded by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Watersheds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Watersheds - Essay Example The watershed has a number of tributaries that drains in all of the states in America or to approximately 31 states within the United States of America between the Appalachian Mountains and the rocky extending to the southern regions of Canada. River Mississippi is ranked as the largest and the longest river in the world and it holds tenth and fourth positions in that order (Carluer and De Marsily 87). For long time watersheds have acted as an important framework for various scientific studies on the impacts of anthropogenic and natural phenomenon on both quantity and quality of water (Naiman 78). The effects of silvicultural and agriculture have been based on watersheds. Studies concerning watersheds have been conducted in places such as Coweeta in which the data collected have been used by researches to evaluate the effectiveness of various ecological regions. Most individuals are not aware about the source of their drinking water an aspect that means that they care less whether th e water they drink have been treated or not before they reach their homes. Additionally, people should be knowledge about the process used in treating the water that they consume. This is because clean water is important to life even though people have taken this fact for granted. Therefore this particular essay will analyze watershed within Mississipi River with an aim of helping the society to have a better understanding of scientific process and various forms of water resources. According to Carluer and De Marsily (95) a watershed is that particular area of land that drains into the lake, river, stream or other forms of water bodies. Moreover, watersheds can be small or large. For instance a small stream located in neighborhood may consist of a watershed. Nevertheless, the watershed of the Mississippi river covers approximately two thirds of the North America (Naiman 78). Figure 1: Mississippi watershed (Schertzer, 124) Put into consideration a small stream located at the top of the mountains. The watershed of this particular stream will comprise of few underground precipitation runoffs and springs coming from the lands that are above it. Hence the stream continues to flow down the hill; it flows to large water bodies including larger rivers, streams and even lakes before flowing into the oceans which accordingly have watersheds that are large. However, it is important to note that all watersheds both large and small have complex processes that in one way or the other impact on the quality of water coming out and utilized by the human population for various purposes. According to Sivapalan (2266) human beings does not only use water for the cleaning and cooking but also for drinking, cleaning and draining the waste systems. In order to achieve this treatment plants, dams and pipes have to be put into place for the purposes of treating water before and after it enters the homes of individuals in the society. Additionally, other structures should be put in pl ace for the purpose of transporting water. This is because in order for human beings to be free from infections, to be water too need free from all forms of pollution and safe for domestic use. This explains the importance of managing all the watersheds as they are the sources of water for human and animal populations. According Sivapalan (2268) most cities and towns have put in place plans for managing the watersheds with an aim of ensuring not only quantity but also quality of the water sources. Moreover, it is important to take note that as watersheds continue to develop; storm water continues to drain from areas such as buildings, parking lots, fields and even fields. Hence, the roadside ditches are designed in a particular manner to prevent the structures from flooding by ensuring

Week 5 Lt Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 5 Lt Assignment - Essay Example The processes involved in these improvements include renovation of machines, increased training of employees and establishment of 5S problem analysis team. A new process can be measured using various measurement techniques. Most of these techniques are statistical. One measurement technique is variation and standard deviation. This method determines the level of deviation of the outcome of new process from that of the old process. Returns on Investment (ROI) can also be used to measure the performance of the new process. This involves the measurement of the returns from the new process compared to its investment (Persse, 2006). The initial investment of the process including changes made to the old process is subtracted from the returns of the new process. ROI differs from the Variance and Standard Deviation because Variance and Standard Deviation compares the new process with the old process while the ROI only measures the performance of the new process. However, both measurement techniques show the level of success of the new project based on its performance after the changes to the old

Effects of South West Monsoon (SWM) on Cloud Cover and Shape

Effects of South West Monsoon (SWM) on Cloud Cover and Shape INTRODUCTION An investigation of the cloud shape stability and the cloud covering is presented on the immediate pre and post south-west monsoon (SWM) commencement. The study focuses on Sri Lankan region bounded by longitude 700E-950E latitude 00-200N during the months April, May June in the years 2012 and 2013. Monsoon onset is a remarkably abrupt event and has established the criterion to determine the onset date which is noticeably controversial and a complicated issue. The prime aim of this paper is to understand the vagaries of the cloud dynamics on the before, inception after the SW monsoon and the analysis are carried out purely based on the computer based image processing rather than chemical physical processes. Cloud shape stability which is determined by the pixel orientation based on the neighbourhood begins to drop in April-May and remains in that low level in subsequent months of both years while cloud cover which is determined by the brightness of the pixel starts to go up in the same period and remains in that high level in the following months as well. The south-west (SW) monsoon brings somewhat organized heavy rainfall to Sri Lanka. The economy of the country is largely influenced by the SW monsoon because major industries such as agriculture and power generation are highly depended on rainfall. Therefore, studying the commencement of SW monsoon and its structure is significant. There is no universally accepted definition or criterion to determine the monsoon onset and previous studies exhibited considerable year to year variation of SW monsoon onset [1]. Further, the climate system is a highly uncertain dynamical system which involves large number of factors such as precipitation, temperature, outgoing long wave radiation, wind speed and direction, humidity etc. Monsoon is also an onset-active-break-revival life cycle phenomenon [11]. Therefore, the establishment of a criterion to determine the onset is a noticeably controversial and complicated task. Major monsoon area of the world exists in South and East Asia and the Indian Ocean monsoon interact with the South China Sea monsoon [10]. Most of the previous studies relating to the monsoon onset were based on wind, precipitation, outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) and brightness temperature [1, 9, 11]. According to the summarization done by Wang et al from 1992 to 2001, only in one among seventeen (17) stud ies was involved with cloud data [1]. However, Wonsick et al document the seasonal progression of the Asian monsoon by analysing clouds and convection in the pre-peak and post-monsoon season [6]. Moreover, maximum cloud zone and the ITCZ (Inter Tropical Convergence Zone) over the Indian region during the SW monsoon was investigated by Sikka et al and it has been found that the two maximum cloud zones are present during June-September, one of 150N and the other of equatorial region [4]. Most of the monsoon studies based on clouds as well as other variables were highly pertinent to China and Indian region. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no or very little research have been done to investigate the monsoon commencement in Sri Lankan region using the cloud patterns. In addition to the monsoon studies, there are certain studies relating to clouds. Among those, identification of tracer clouds done by Nilanjan et al [7] and automated cloud classification done by Bryan et al [3] motivated us to study the seasonal c loud dynamics. Thirty minute interval cloud images were downloaded from the http://202.54.31.45/ARCHIVE/ASIA-SECTOR/INFRARED. Images are taken from the Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) KALPANA 1 geostationary satellite. These images are derived from the emission by the earth and its atmosphere at thermal infrared wavelength of 10.5-12.5 Â µm and they cover the latitude range 100S-500N and the longitude range 450E – 1050E. The ground resolution at the sub satellite point is nominally 8 Km x 8 Km. Images are stored in the above web site as colour RGB JPEG format. Pixel resolution of the images is about 1200 x 1024 (72 dpi x 72 dpi) with 24bits depth including image header. The region bounded by the longitude 700E-950E and the latitude 00-200N extracted from the original image and the grey converted image is used for this study. This extracted bounded region provides a good coverage for the island of Sri Lanka. Moreover, this study investigates the cloud images from January 2012 to July 2013. Our objective of this research is to distinguish the strange behaviour of the clouds during the potential SW monsoon onset period. Sequel of this paper is as follows: next section describes the methodology followed by the results and discussion. The last section is allocated for a conclusions and recommendations. METHODOLOGY Local orientation which is used as a feature of a satellite image is a major contributor to determine the cloud shape life time. Local orientation which is also called the linear symmetry (LS) is characteristics by the least change of grey value in one direction and maximal change in the orthogonal direction [2,5]. Therefore, a linear symmetry tensor for an image is constructed with respect to the local neighbourhood for each pixel of the image. In this way, local symmetry tensors of the concerned bounded area of the 30 minute interval satellite images were constructed. By preserving the first image as the reference image, comparison takes place with its LS tensor and that of the subsequent images till the correlation drops below a specified threshold. In this study the threshold is 0.9. As long as this correlation of the subsequent image is higher than the threshold, is considered as the same cloud shape with the reference image. The time period until the drop of the correlation of the LS tensors below the threshold is considered as the life time of that particular cloud shape. This process was continued by taking the next immediate image as the new reference image and mean value of the life times is taken as the cloud shape life time for the particular day. In addition, the cloud cover was determined in the said area of the image using the feature of brightness of the pixel. If the pixel brightness is higher than the global threshold which is determined by the otsu’s method, it is considered as the cloudy pixel. As such the cloud cover area was calculated for the chosen area of image by counting the number of cloudy pixels. Similarly, the average was taken as the cloud cover of the particular day. Finally, the cloud shape life time and the cloud cover were analysed in the months of April, May and June which include the SW monsoon potential onset period [8, 10], of the years 2012 2013 which is presented in the following section. All calculations and analysis were done using the software MATLAB and Microsoft Excel. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION To look at the vagaries of the cloud dynamics in the immediate pre and post south-west monsoon commencement, monthly variation of cloud shape life time and cover from January 2012 to July 2013 are calculated and presented in figure 1 with the standard deviation. In both years, cloud shape stability life time start to drop in April-May and after the drop, this low level sustains during the entire peak monsoon period (June-September) in year 2012. Similar trend can be seen up to July in the year 2013. On the other hand, cloud cover starts to increase in same period and remains in that higher value during the whole peak period of monsoon in year 2012. Once again that trend can also be observed up to July 2013. According to the previous studies, Wang et al (2004), Wonsick et al (2009) and Tsing-Change Chen et al monsoon build up on average from 2nd week of May to 1st week of June[1, 6, 8, 10]. When we closely look at how a cloud behaves in this previously identified monsoon onset period, interestingly, we can see a remarkable change of behaviour in both cloud shape life time and the cloud cover occurred in the data considered for this study. First of all, highest cloud cover is increased by 48.56% than the previous day on May 19, 2012. Similarly in 2013, this happens on May 25 which is a 48.47% increase than the previous day. After goes up that high level of cloud cover is averagely 40 per cent or higher in 2013 while it is 40 per cent or higher in most of the days in 2012 remains till mid-June. This is shown in the figure 2. While cloud cover is increased on May 19 2012, the cloud shape stability time is strangely dropped by 51% on the same day when compared with that in the previous day. As shown in figure 3, after this drop the average low life time sustains till mid-June. For example, cloud shape life time of May 18, 19 and 20 are 12.42, 6.08 and 7.36 hours respectively and then it does not increase to a level as high as 12 hours. Similar behaviour can be observed in 2013 too. As higher cloud cover increased occurred on May 25, 2013, cloud shape life time brings to 6.42 hours on that day from 9.83 hours on previous day. This is a 34.75% drop which remains at that low life time as low as 5 hours up to mid-June. We can also see that the cloud shape life time drop occurred on May 20, 2013 by 37.66% than the previous day. However, the following day again it goes up by 50%. In addition, on May 28, 2013, once again we can observe the life time diminish by 38.98% but that drop brings 4.92 hours of life time on May 27 to 3.0 hours on May 28 which is not higher than 5.0 hours either of days and it is not a reasonably long run downward trend. Therefore, the life time drop occurred in May 25, 2013 is unusual. According to the literature, summer monsoon first appeared in South China Sea (SCS) and moves progressively northward [1]. The consistency between the above said dates and onset dates of the previous studies on south china sea and indian monsoon region are significant [1, 9]. In the literature, we can find a considerable amount of studies for defining onset of the monsoon. Some of them are based on multivariable. Certain studies have tried to define the onset using a single variable. However, resulting onset dates for some years were greatly divers because the choice of local variables are sensitivity to the region [1]. One of salient feature of most definitions is that a remarkable change the value of chosen factor or factors and sustains that value to some reasonable period. For instance, Wang et al define the South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon onset as an index of 850 hPazonal winds average over the central SCS (USCS) is positive and remains positive on subsequent days (3 pentads) with accumulating mean greater than one [1]. Moreover, according to Tsing Chen et al wind field and rainfall are other important widely used factors for determining the onset. Again, these factors reach a certain critical amount and sustain that value for some consecutive d ays which is adopted as the criterion of monsoon onset [10].Similarly, we are able to identify the remarkable change of cloud shape life time and the cloud amount and sustain that change a considerable number of days in the same fashion. conclusions/RECOMMENDATIONS In 2012, within the potential SW monsoon onset period of 2nd week of May to 1st week of June (according to the previous studies), highest cloud cover increase occurred on May 19 and it is 48.56% higher than the previous day. After it goes up it remains in that value of around 40 per cent most of the days till mid-June and averagely higher in the entire peak SW monsoon period (June-September). On the other hand, cloud shape stability on the same day is dropped by 51 per cent than the previous day. Again this is the highest drop within the monsoon onset potential period. Similarly after the cloud shape life time goes down, it remains till mid-June and mean value is as low as the same within the whole monsoon peak period. Similar observation can be seen in that period of 2013 too. Highest cloud cover increase of 48.47% than the previous day is occurred on 25th May, 2013 and it remains till mid-June at as high as 40%. Moreover, the cloud shape life time too behaves as same as the previou s year. When compared with the previous day it is dropped by 34.75% on 25th May and that this low value remains in subsequent days till mid-June. In the light of the above findings, there is a sound reason to explain that the level of cloud cover and their shape life time are good indicators for determining the arrival date of the SW monsoon. On the other hand determining the monsoon structure such as arrival and withdrawal date, break time and its strength is a challenging demand. In the future, we expect to develop the image processing tools for capturing the structural information of the satellite cloud images in order to describe and figure out weather patterns as well as monsoon. REFERENCES B. Wang, Linho, Yongsheng Zhang, and M. M. Lu, 2004: Definition of South China Sea Monsoon Onset and Commencement of the East Asia Monsoon, Journal of Climate, 17, 699-710 Bigun, J., Gosta, H. Grandlund, Optimal Orientation Detection of Linear Symmetry, 1987, Proceedings of the IEEE First International Conference of Computer Vision. London, IEEE Computer Society Press, pp 433-438 Bryan A Baum, Vasanth Tovinkere, Jay Titlow, and Ronald M Welch, 1997: Automated Cloud Classification of Global AVHRR Data Using a Fuzzy Logic Approach, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 36, 1519-1540 D. R. Sikka, and Sulochana Gadgil, 1980: On the Maximum Cloud Zone and the ITCZ over Indian Longitudes during the Southwest monsoon, Monthly Weather Review, 1840-1853 H. L. Premaratne and J Bigun, 2002: Recognition of Printed Sinhala Characters Using Linear Symmetry, The 5th Asian Conference on Computer Vision, Melbourne, Australia, 23-25 January 2002 Margaret M Wonsick, Rachel T Pinker and Yves Govaerts, 2009: Cloud Variability over the Indian Monsoon Region as Observed from Satellites, Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 48, 1803-1821 Nilanjan Ray, Dipti Prasad Mukherjee and Jyotirmoy Das, 1999: Identification of Tracer Clouds: A Shape-based Approach, Current Science, 76, 916-923 S. Ramanayake, Lareef Zubair, and H. B. Nayakekorala, 1998: Week of Onset and Withdrawal of the Southwest Monsoon in Sri Lanka, SLAAS annual conference 54:251-252, December 1998 Tsing Change Chen and Ming Cheng Yen, 1994: Interannual Variation of the Indian Monsoon Simulated by the NCAR Community Climate Model: Effect of the Tropical Pasific SST, Journal of Climate, 7, 1403-1415 Tsing Change Chen and Jau-Ming Chen, 1995: An Observational Study of the South China Sea Monsoon during the 1979 Summer: Onset and Life Cycle, Monthly Weather Review, 123, 2295-2318 Tsing Change Chen, Ren Yow Tzeng and Ming Cheng Yen, 1988: Development and Life Cycle of the Indian Monsoon: Effect of the 30-50 Day Oscillation, Monthly Weather Review, 116, 2183-2199

Literature Essay

Narrative- â€Å"Only Daughter† by Sandra Cisneros In â€Å"Only Daughter,† Sandra describes her struggled life of being an only daughter of a Mexican-American family with six sons. She uses Spanish words to explain her family’s background and tradition. She explains how she accomplished her goal because of father wanting her to get married. She explains her life with past and recent events. Description- â€Å"Words left Unspoken† by Leah Hager Cohen In the story â€Å"Words Left Unspoken,† Leah describes her relationship with her grandfather. Leah describes thoroughly what her grandpa would do to catch her attention, or to speak to them without having to talk. She also explains how her grandmother, father lived in a small place where you couldn’t even stretch out your arms without hitting the other person in the room. Comparison and contrast- â€Å"Two Ways to Belong in America† by Bharati Mukherjee In the story â€Å"Two Ways to Belong in America,† Bharati describes her sisters and her relationship. They are on different sides of in the debate over the status of immigrants. Mukherjee tells us the differences between her sisters and herself live since they had gotten in America. She makes the essay with sympathy saying that she believed that people that worked in the U.S. should be able to become immigrants. Classification and Division- â€Å"Mothers Tongue† by Amy Tan In the story â€Å"Mother Tongue,† Amy describes how she changes the way she speaks when she’s with her mother. She and her husband don’t notice when she changes English because they are so used to it. Amy also explains how her mother’s tongue was the one to help her get her senses with the world.

Essay about Corruption in The Great Gatsby - 1141 Words

Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was born in 1896 and died in 1940. After dismissed from the army in 1917, he returned to Princeton and finished his first novel This Side of Paradise, which made him wealthy overnight. He then married Zelda, a beautiful but expensive girl. During his time (which he named Jazz Age), the whole American society was immersed in the post-war deteriorations and economic booming. The so-called lost generation forfeited their believes on American dream and solely aimed to pursue material and sensual pleasures. Fitzgerald himself also fully engaged in such main stream of the roaring twenties. He and his wife indulged in alcohol, dancing, and jazz music in the upper class parties. While gradually he realized that all†¦show more content†¦The real purpose for Gatsby to do so was to attract his past lover Daisy and win back her love. Five year ago, Gatsby met and fell in love with her during his service in the army. However, Daisy was tired of waiting for Ga tsby who was poor and engaged in the WWI and finally married to Tom Buchanan, who was quite wealthy and influential. But the material and physical satisfactions didn’t fulfill Daisy’s empty and hollow spirit. With the help of Nick, Gatsby and Daisy had a reunion in Nick’ house and their love seemed to revive. While soon Gatsby found that Daisy was no longer the pure and innocent girl he dreamed in the past, but a beautiful, silly, selfish and vulgar creature. Gatsby still struggled to repeat the past and hoped Daisy would change her mind and live with him forever, which led to a more pathetic tragedy to him. Afterwards the drunken Daisy, who drove in Gatsby’s car, killed Tom’s mistress Myrtle accidentally. But she made a conspiracy with Tom and cruelly through the guilty on Gatsby. Consequently, George Wilson, the husband of Myrtle rushed to Gatsby’s house abruptly and shot him to death and then committed suicide. Gatsby was eventually made the scapegoat for the cruel and selfish Daisy and her husband. Nick tried hard but few people attended Gatsby’s funeral, which was a big contrast to his luxury party with hundreds of guests. After the event, Nick decided to go back to the Midwest and keep distance from the roaring, cold and hypocrisy cityShow MoreRelatedCorruption In The Great Gatsby Analysis1160 Words   |  5 PagesIn a state of oblivion, the greatest of men can get corrupted by the object they seek.The thing they desire with great ferocity blinds them and it becomes their only focus, causing them to ignore the casualties they incite in the journey.This corruption courses throughout Fitzgeralds ‘The Great Gatsby’, while centering itself on a young man madly in love with a young woman, and the great ordeals he pursues her love.As simple as the plot is presented, the underlying theme of the novel centers on theRead MoreCorruption In The Great Gatsby Essay701 Words   |  3 Pageswas corrupt and selfish. In the Great Gatsby the upper class is shown as corruptive. The people in the upper class such as Tom and Daisy don’t really care about their actions because they feel invincible due to their amount of money and the power they have. Fitzgerald illustrates the corruption in the way upper class is care-less about their behavior. The way people in the upper class behave toward others and in society demonstrates how corruptive they are. At Gatsby parties the people behaved asRead MoreTheme Of Corruption In The Great Gatsby809 Words   |  4 PagesJust like any other word, corruption has multiple interpretations. According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, corruption as a noun means dishonest or illegal behavior, especially by powerful people. Power also has a number of interpretations in a variety of different contexts. Historians associate power with an ability used to force people into obeying leaders. Scientists associate power as a rate at which work happens. F. Scott Fitzgerald associates corruption with New Yorkers who possess an abundanceRead MoreCorruption In The Great Gatsby Essay822 Words   |  4 PagesScott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby is about a writer named Nick Carraway. He leaves the Midwest and comes to New York City in the spring of 1922 . Nick chases his American Dream and ends u p living next door to a mysterious, party-loving millionaire, Jay Gatsby, who is   across the water from his cousin, Daisy and her husband, Tom Buchanan. In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald reveals that the upper class society is corrupt from money. This is best proven through Gatsby, Daisy, and Tom. UpperclassmenRead MoreThe Great Gatsby : The Corruption Of The American Dream1771 Words   |  8 PagesThe Great Gatsby: The Corruption of the American Dream The Great Gatsby may appear as a novel containing dramatic, twisted relationships; however, the main theme has to do with the culture of the 1920s, and how it leads to the downfall of the American Dream. The 1920s were an age of change: politically and socially. The nation’s wealth nearly doubled, leading many Americans into a prosperous society, while others experienced extreme poverty (The Roaring). People began performing, women wore flapperRead MoreEssay on The Corruption of the American Dream in The Great Gatsby1302 Words   |  6 Pages On April 10, 1925 F. Scott Fitzgerald published The Great Gatsby, a novel that would later become one of the best known pieces of classic literature in history. However, at the time of its publication, Gatsby was fairly unpopular ad the reviews were never consistent. As shocking as it may seem, I believe it is because Fitzgerald’s intelligence and creativity levels were way ahead of his time, which is evident when one pays close attention to the themes of the novel. ForgivenessRead MoreThe Great Gatsby Displaying the Corruption of the American Dream742 Words   |  3 PagesThe Great Gatsby: The Corruption of the American Dream In the 1920’s many people left their countries to come to America seeking for the American dream. The American Dream meant being successful and happy. Many people started to learn that they couldn’t find that happiness without the money. In Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, the characters based their lives off of wealth and materialism, forgetting what the real idea of the American dream was. Throughout the story, Daisy, Gatsby and MyrtleRead MoreThe Corruption of the American Dream in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby1345 Words   |  6 Pagessocial and economic mobility earned through hard work, as corrupted and debased by the egotistic materialism of the 1920s, an era which Fitzgerald characterizes chiefly by its greed and lavish hedonism, in his celebrated novel The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald, in The Great Gatsby, seeks to discredit the supposed purity of the American Dream and belief that anyone can attain it through hard work. Instead, he argues that the dream is a mere delusion, altered so significantly from its original form that itsRead MoreEssay on The Great Gatsby: The Corruption of the American Dream1010 Words   |  5 Pagesnovel ‘The Great Gatsby’ where there are a variety of characters that are living or seeking The American Dream. Whether it was Daisy and Tom Buchanan who were supposedly living the perfect lifestyle, Jay Gatsby who found himself submerged in money and always throwing parties for the higher class population of New York as well as Daisy, or Myrtle Wilson who throughout the novel seeked to be a high class woman, they all ended up unhappy or lost their own lives as a consequence. Jay Gatsby was a self-madeRead MoreEssay The Great Gatsby: Differences and Corruption of Classes543 Words   |  3 PagesThe Great Gatsby: Differences and Corruption of Classes Money is essential for survival; it can bring happiness, despair, or corruption. It rules our daily lives, is preferred in large amounts, and separates us into different social classes. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, is a perfect example of this since the class structure within the novel, portrays how money or the need for it can cause corruption in all the different social classes. This is shown through the three distinct

The Impact On The Middle East - 1430 Words

All throughout history from the from the pre-modern period all the way to the contemporary period, there have been major events both inside and outside of the middle east that have had an impact on the middle eastern communities. While some were more drastic than others, they all had an impact one way or another that helped shape the society we know of today. Starting with the pre-modern period, in 1095, the pope had called for a crusade which was in fact the only successful crusade. In this situation, the Byzantine emperor called on the christians to help him in which they did so with lots of vengeance and anger. The Byzantine emperor then commanded them to attack Jerusalem in which they did in 1099 coming out on top. Fortunately they won and ended up having the Muslim Army take back Jerusalem resulting in gaining more power than they had previously. Another event was the Turks entrance beginning in the 9th century. The Turks entered the lands of Islam in 2 ways such as being bought as guards and coming in as full tribes. Khalifs bought them at first to be imperial guards know as mamluks due to them being useful for multiple reasons. As a mamluk, they were very dependent on their owners and had little to no connection with others. Eventually the mamluks got together and overthrew all the princes that had used them that lead to them taking over. This lead to the beginning of the Mamluk dynasties in 1250 which was them taking over in a never ending manner. Another way theShow MoreRelatedPhenomenology And Its Impact On The Middle East Essay966 Words   |  4 Pagesexistence. The examination included not just observations of the way the world appears, but observations of one’s thoughts, and when and how they occur. The phenomenological research gives us the opportunity to explore the current conflicts in the Middle East. It guides us to find specific information as to why this phenomenon occurred. 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However, the approach backfired and the Middle East found themselves struggling to establish their own modern identity and falling

Essay about Vitamix Revenue Recognition - 1116 Words

Vitamix Revenue Recognition – â€Å"Special Cases† Proper revenue recognition is important in because it has a direct impact on quarterly income statements, incentive calculations, investor confidence, and perception of an organizations financial health. The scandals at Enron and WorldCom illustrate how important properly recognize revenue is to the financial integrity of a company and how abuse can be extremely dangerous. (Labaton, 2006) To maintain consistency across organizations, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) relies on the standards published by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) to establish the guidelines for revenue recognition. (FASB, 2011) Companies can only recognize revenue if it is both realized and†¦show more content†¦The extended service plan does not start until after the factory warranty expires. Should Vitamix recognize the revenue received from the sale immediately or at the time when the factory warranty expires? Revenue Recognition Vitamix should recognize the revenue immediately because the cost of servicing the extended warranty can be reasonably calculated. The accounting team calculates the costs associated with servicing this warranty based on historical averages and accrues for it as a percentage of sales. Since we can estimate the cost, we can therefore produce an accurate net revenue amount because this amount is a conservative and reasonable amount of the realized and earned revenue. (Connors, 2011) Household Show Consignment Sales Overview To show the versatility and power of the Vitamix product, the company frequently demonstrates their machines at large retail locations. The retailer requires that they ship pallets of product to various retail stores and then Vitamix contracts with independent contractors to demonstrate the product. However, the retailer does not purchase the machines at that time, but requires that Vitamix manage that inventory for them. When a customer of the retailer wishes to purchase the machine, they take a machine along with any other products they wish to purchase to the retailers point of sale. The retailer sends Vitamix a purchase order for the machines processed through their point of sale system on a daily basis. Should

Communication In Business Free Essays

Many f our historic brands such as Johnnie Walker and Guinness were built on the same corporate citizenship that we hold today. We agree to the fact that we cannot change the world on our own. With our participation and continuous support towards the UN Global Compact, we can learn from others and show leadership. We will write a custom essay sample on Communication In Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now Though, here at Adagio Pl, we recognize that there are still many changes and improvements that need to be made among us and also among our supply chains. This submission hopes to continue our commitment to the UN Global Compact policies by proposing recommendations based on our experiences and mistakes to the local network. Our local network region chosen will be India. The recommendations are based on two principles of the UN Global Compact. The principles are 1) Principle 2: â€Å"Businesses should make sure they are not complicit in human rights abuses. † (The Ten Principles/ Principle 2 2012). 2) Principle 8: â€Å"Businesses should undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility’ (The Ten Principles/ Principle 8 2012). The recommendations are:- Encourage suppliers to Join the Suppliers Ethical Data Exchange (Sexed). Encourage other corporations to harness employee’s power. Recommendation 1 Our experience in developing countries has shown how complicity in human right abuses can arise when negligence occurred in the supply chain. We learned from our mistakes and come up with the following recommendation to prevent such thing from happening again in India. We Join the Suppliers Ethical Data Exchange (Sexed) (Adagio 2007). Through Sexed, suppliers will post a self-assessment of their practices and products. These can be accessed by any of their customers. At present we count 300 of our own suppliers in Sexed. The assessment of each supplier is then closely checked against the Ethical Trading Initiative standards of human rights. We encourage all suppliers of Adagio Pl to Join the Sexed. We also Join a group of food and drink manufacturers who have strong belief on the fact that their supply chains should operate in the highest standards towards human rights. We are currently working with suppliers assessed as non-compliant and try to make them improve. Incase there is no improvement from our supplier; we retain the possibility of seeking alternative sources of supply. This year, we stopped our business with one of our supplier in Asia because he was not willing to report his performance. Benefits and Implications Consumers: They are given information about the product that they will be using directly from our supplier. Moreover they will know whether or not the supplier is compliant with current human right policies. Suppliers: Getting involved in Sexed will definitely capture the interest of other companies in the product they made. Shareholders: By avoiding human rights controversies, the company will be protected against legislative and financial repercussion and as a result the company’s profit will not be affected. Recommendation 2 Since we’re been creating our 201 5 targets, we have been working hard to minimize our environmental impact. Targeting the obvious things can be straightforward. But to able to address our other impacts, we needed the knowledge and ideas of the people on the ground in our daily operations. We realized that the employee’s involvement could be the missing link to achieve our environmental targets. We come up with the Greening as recommendation (Adagio Sustainability Responsibility Report 2011). Greening is the codename for the strategy implemented to encourage employees to act in an environmental friendly way. The employees from different site will form teams known as the â€Å"GREEN TEAM†. Teams will compete to win Olympic- Tyler medals for completing environmental initiatives. These ranges from bronze medal projects to gold medal achievements. Winning sites will be chosen across the whole world and each winner will be awarded EYE,OHO to invest in the new environmental friendly project either on site or locally. Also depending on the success of the program, one idea is to launch a new platinum category to reward gold medal sites that will help another facility start a green team. Our business is about celebration and we try to bring that into everything we do. And also the reason why Greening will work is we tap our people’s sense of community and also their nominative spirit. Benefits and Implications Employees: Capture the interests of 20,000 people working on all level of our business in 80 sites across 40 countries and also provide a platform for the employees to share their idea. Consumers: This will create an impact in the mind of our consumers. People are starting to care for their future generation. They want to deal with firms who are environmentally responsible. Greening will definitely create something positive for our company. Environment: The purpose of Greening is the impact it has on the environment whilst the main purpose of the whole program. The award winning project will be implemented throughout all sites in the world. We are expecting achievements like cutting amount of water used by 60% or reducing amount of carbon dioxide emission by 50% on our site. Greening will definitely be beneficial for the environment. Challenges The implementation of the proposed recommendations will be a challenging task. The problem with the first recommendation is that withdrawing from a non- compliant supplier will only displace the problem rather than solving it. Our action could affect the supplier’s employees and owners. For small community, the loss in business of the supplier could have big economic implications. Our objective is to balance those risks and help the supplier to improve instead. The challenge faced due to the second recommendation is not all employees will be willing to take part in the program. Creating awareness among the employees is also of great concern for A success story We at Adagio Pl have responsibility towards our stakeholders and the environment. We continue to show our support to the principles of the UN Global Compact. We believe that the proposed recommendation could be used as a guideline by our local network and other corporation to fulfill their social contract towards their stakeholders. By creating innovative and smart CARS approaches, our business and our society will benefit hence continuing our success story. How to cite Communication In Business, Papers

Impact on Cultural Differences in Software Industry in Singapore

Question: Discuss about the Impact on Cultural Differences in Software Industry in Singapore. Answer: Introduction In the current continuously transforming global business atmosphere, the issues associated with culture and the gaining knowledge about various cultures have become significant and has become a pre-requisite for the success of the organizations. The significance of culture and the differences in culture has become very much critical especially for the organizations functioning in the international markets and even having employees who hail from several cultures (Moran, Abramson and Moran 2014). It has been observed that since culture has the power to have an effect on the activities of the business, the organizations requires to consider the concepts related to culture in their daily operations in order to function successfully in the global environment. Culture and cultural differences are key issues for each and every organizations in each and every industry. As explained by de Carvalho, Patah and de Souza Bido (2015), these notions have become much more essential for computation due to the nature of making agreements, internationalization of the various procurement, partnering and joint venturing in the respective industries. It has been observed that with respect to the other industries there has been a rise in the strategic coalitions in the software industries even raises the importance of the cultural differences due to the communication of the employees from numerous cultures (Shah, Harrold and Sinha 2014). The benefits of managing differences in the culture in an effective manner have been explained by several researchers. It can improve the effectiveness of the firms and provide the company an extensive competitive edge. Conversely, the ineffectiveness to handle and manage the cultural differences can lead to adverse issues like the postponement of software services and fall in the productivity. Hence, gaining knowledge and taking care of the cultural differences in the software industry is become a significant topic specially in software industries in Singapore as there are various software companies functioning in the country and thus there are availability of employees who are hailing from numerous cultural backgrounds (Estleret al. 2014). Research Objectives The aims and objectives of the paper has been the most significant factors that would be influential for the development of the paper as these objectives would be helpful to the researcher for the completion of the paper in an effective manner. The aims and objectives with respect to this paper are given as follows: To determine how cultural differences are existent in the software industry of Singapore To understand the how differences in the culture has an influence in the communication system among the employees and themanagement To determine to what extent cultural differences has an influence on the outcome of the industries The actions undertaken by themanagement in order to deal with the issues related to cultural differences Problem Statement The statement of the problem has been the issues that has compelled the researcher to undertake this research in accordance to this topic. It is seen that with the advent of globalization there has been entry of new software firms in the economy of Singapore along with employees from various cultures. Culture plays a significant role in the development of any organization and it is seen that themanagement of the firm undertakes various strategies in order to establish an effective cultural environment. The degree of culture aids in the development of the software industry and as software industry is a developing sector, it is seen that there are employees from various cultural backgrounds are taken appointed and therefore understanding their impacts is of utmost importance that would be influential for improving the functional section of software industry. Thus, determining the impact of these differences requires to be identified in order to construct various strategies. Research Questions The research questions that has been framed are in respect to the problems that have been discovered by the researcher with respect to the cultural difference in Singapore. The research questions would be utilized in order to course the research and determine the impact of cultural differences in the cultural differences in the software industries in Singapore. The research questions are given as follows: Q 1. How can cultural differences have an impact on the software industries in Singapore? Q 2. How does the differences in culture have an impact on the relationship among the employees and the management? Q 3. What impact does the differences in the culture have on the operational activities of the software companies in Singapore? Q 4. What actions can be undertaken by the management in order to improve the differences in the culture within the organizations? Literature Review The literature review that is being constructed comprises of the suggestions that have been discovered from various other research papers constructed by the researchers with respect similar researches completed earlier. The review of literature tries to determine the meaning of cultural differences and the impacts that these differences have on the software industries. Rees-Caldwell and Pinnington (2013) has explained that there are various factors that had an impact on the differences in culture and identifying each of these factors would lead to development of various strategies that would be effective in the development of the organization. There are various definitions for culture and these definitions vary greatly with respect to the field of the research. Verner et al. (2014) defined culture as the simple method of what individuals does and what they perform like a society. Britto et al. (2014) has explained culture in the software industry is regarded to be the features of the industry, the values, goals and strategies of the organization where they function. Culture has numerous properties, which has been accepted widely. While investigating on the national cultures, it is seen that Niazi et al. (2013) has recognized four dimensions of culture and they include avoidance of uncertainty, power distance, collectivism and individualism and even masculinity and femininity. These four dimensions provide a framework for looking after the impact of the cultural differences on the management and even the company. This section of the paper would try to explain the main theme of the thesis that would be taken into consideration so that effective measures can be taken that would be influential for the construction of effective research with respect to the topic. It is seen that there are various aspects that are taken into consideration while understanding the impact of cultural differences in the software industry in Singapore. It is seen that it is essential to first understand the background of the software industry in Singapore and it is seen that there are Singapore has a unique software industry as the organizations are developing from time to time and therefore has strategies and policies that would enhance the industry. The culture that has been prevalent in Singapore is even analyzed and it is seen that Singapore has a diversified economy over as employees and individuals from various parts of the world migrate in this country and thereby making it a diversified culture (Rees-Caldwell a nd Pinnington 2013). It is seen that there are understanding the effects of cultural difference plays a vital role in the operational activities of the firm. The main factors that has an effect on the cultural difference requires to be determined so that effective measures can be taken that would be fundamental for improving the operational activities of the software industry and the relationship between the employees operating in the software industry. The evaluation of the software industry along with the factors that are interlinked with the software business provides extensive knowledge, which would be influential for the development of the firm. The analysis can be done by taking help of the past and the present trends and the influences the future indications that the software industry would undertake so that cultural differences would be mitigated. Evaluating the main theme with respect to the cultural differences can be an effective one and this would aid the researcher to i nitiate various activities that would be influential for the development of solutions with respect to the impact of cultural differences in the software industry in Singapore. There has been an expanding interest in the studies with respect to cultural differences in the software industry. Sderberg, Krishna and Bjrn (2013) has examined that there has been a connection among the cultural differences and the activities of the software industries with the perspective of Singapore. Singapore is a developing country and with the advent of globalization there has been entry of various software industries along with the existence of the domestic software industries as well. The rise in the level of competition has led to the companies hiring employees from various parts of the globe and thereby leading to the development of cultural differences in the industry. There are various aspects that require significant examination with respect to this topic as it has been observed that cultural differences has a significant impact on the functions of the software industries and therefore in order to rectify the differences and improve the relationship among the employees and the management and thereby improve the operational activities of the software industries as well. Research Methodology The methodology for the concerned research paper has been framed in order to aid the researcher to establishing a guideline or course that would be followed by the researcher in order to collect the data that would be best effective for the completion of the paper. The research methodology even aids the researcher to look for the kind of data that would be best useful for the collecting data that would meet the problem statement of the research and would help the researcher to identify the impacts of cultural differences in the software industries. The each and every step of the methodology that would be used by the researcher would be explained individually. Research Onion The research onion comprises of the various efficient progression with the help of which the research methodology can be constructed. Its effectiveness is dependent in its flexibility for any kind of research methodology and can be utilized in a variety of aspects(Gustafsson, Herrmann and Huber 2013). The research onion comprises of the various layers that would be used by the researcher to complete the methodology in an effective manner. The each layer of the onion will be explained as follows: Research Philosophy The research will be undertaken by taking help of the philosophy of positivism as it mainly concentrates on understanding the various impacts that are faced by the software industries due to cultural differences. The primary data that is gathered with the help of the positivism philosophy would improve the validity of the research. Furthermore, the outcome of the research would be quantifiable and observable (Fuggetta and Di Nitto 2014). Research Approach The present research would follow the deductive approach as the paper will mainly concentrate on examining the impact of cultural differences on the software industries in Singapore. The research would establish a hypothesis that is dependent on the recognized concepts and would examine the validity by comparing them with the primary data. Research Type The impact of cultural differences on the software industries operating in Singapore would be undertaken with the help of the primary research. It is seen that primary data would be influential for collecting the precise data as the responses of the employees would be influential for the development of the precise results (Bryman and Bell 2015). Research Design The primary research will be undertaken by taking help of the quantitative research design as this research involves investigating the associations, explaining the examining cause and effect relationships. The present research will examine the impact of cultural differences in the software industry in Singapore. Quantitative data would be gathered by surveying the individuals who are working in the software industry (Edison, Bin Ali and Torkar 2013). Descriptive research design would be undertaken for the completion of the paper as it has been observed that explained answers from the responses would be influential for the completing the paper effectively. Sampling Technique and Population The paper would either make use of the random or probability sampling technique in order to select the employees who are functioning in the software industry in Singapore. The researcher has decided to select employees of various ages and departments of the organizations. A sample size of 100 respondents would be sued for the completion of the paper in an effective manner. Time Table STEPS IN THE RESEARCH PLAN DEADLINE FOR THE COMPLETION Submission of the proposal 1st week Design of a research plan 1st week Gaining access to work in a particular area 1st week Literature Review 2nd week Sample frame 3rd week Design and testing of the questionnaire 3rd week Designing of the final questionnaire 4th week Interviews and posting 5th week Raw tabulation of the data 5th week Analysis of the data 6th week Report up findings 7th week Presentation of the final research product 7th week References Britto, R., Freitas, V., Mendes, E. and Usman, M., 2014, August. Effort estimation in global software development: A systematic literature review. InGlobal Software Engineering (ICGSE), 2014 IEEE 9th International Conference on(pp. 135-144). IEEE. Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015.Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. deCarvalho, M.M., Patah, L.A. and de Souza Bido, D., 2015. Project management and its effects on project success: Cross-country and cross-industry comparisons.International Journal of Project Management,33(7), pp.1509-1522. Edison, H., Bin Ali, N. and Torkar, R., 2013. Towards innovation measurement in the software industry.Journal of Systems and Software,86(5), pp.1390-1407. Estler, H.C., Nordio, M., Furia, C.A., Meyer, B. and Schneider, J., 2014. Agile vs. structured distributed software development: A case study.Empirical Software Engineering,19(5), pp.1197-1224. Fuggetta, A. and Di Nitto, E., 2014, May. Software process. InProceedings of the on Future of Software Engineering(pp. 1-12). ACM. Gustafsson, A., Herrmann, A. and Huber, F. eds., 2013.Conjoint measurement: Methods and applications. Springer Science Business Media. Moran, R.T., Abramson, N.R. and Moran, S.V., 2014.Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Niazi, M., Mahmood, S., Alshayeb, M., Riaz, M.R., Faisal, K. and Cerpa, N., 2013, October. Challenges of project management in Global Software Development: Initial results. InScience and Information Conference (SAI), 2013(pp. 202-206). IEEE. Rees-Caldwell, K. and Pinnington, A.H., 2013. National culture differences in project management: Comparing British and Arab project managers' perceptions of different planning areas.International Journal of Project Management,31(2), pp.212-227. Shah, H., Harrold, M.J. and Sinha, S., 2014. Global software testing under deadline pressure: Vendor-side experiences.Information and Software Technology,56(1), pp.6-19. Sderberg, A.M., Krishna, S. and Bjrn, P., 2013. Global software development: commitment, trust and cultural sensitivity in strategic partnerships.Journal of International Management,19(4), pp.347-361. Verner, J.M., Babar, M.A., Cerpa, N., Hall, T. and Beecham, S., 2014. Factors that motivate software engineering teams: A four country empirical study.Journal of Systems and Software,92, pp.115-127.

USC 2017-2018 Supplemental Essay Prompts Short Answer Questions

Want to be a USC Trojan? Bookmark this page to help plan your application essays for the University of Southern California! USC is one of the most popular colleges on the west coast. Located in Southern California, USC attracts a lot of students who enjoy nice, sunny weather all year round. Especially in a city like Los Angeles that offers students endless of cultural activities and internship opportunities they can take advantage of. On top of USC’s ideal location and weather, USC is well known for their undergraduate business and media studies. USC Marshall School of Business is ranked no. 9 for their undergraduate business program, specifically strong in accounting and entrepreneurship. USC Annenberg School of Communication and Journalism is also a popular choice for students interested in media studies, especially when paired with media internships available in an entertainment-focused city like LA. USC also has a very unique program called the Jimmy Iovine and Andre Young Academy (IYA). Students accepted to the program will be studying Arts, Technology and Business Innovation. Over the 4 years, IYA students will gain an in-depth knowledge in art and design, engineering and computer science, and finally, business and venture management. The application requires an additional portfolio and is highly selective. On average, only 25 students are accepted per graduating class. Does USC offer what you’re interested? If you are applying this fall, here are the short answer questions and supplemental essays for the 2017-2018 application season: 1. Short Answer Questions Describe yourself in three wordsWhat is your favorite snack?Favorite app/websiteBest movie of all timeHashtag to describe yourselfDream job:What is your theme song?Dream tripWhat TV show will you binge watch next?Place you are most content?TIP: These short answer questions are meant to help the admissions office know a little bit more about you and your personality. Dont spend too much time on these questions, and be true to who you are! 2. Supplemental Essay #1 Please respond to one of the prompts below. (250 word limit) Prompt 1: USC believes that one learns best when interacting with people of different backgrounds, experiences and perspectives. Tell us about a time you were exposed to a new idea or when your beliefs were challenged by another point of view. Prompt 2:Describe something outside of your intended academic focus about which you are interested in learning. Prompt 3: What is something about yourself that is essential to understanding you? TIP: When you choose which essay prompt to write, take into account what essay topic youve chosen for your personal statement and what you plan on writing for the second supplemental essay. The admissions office will be reading your application as a whole, so it should all come together to tell them who you are, what youre interested and what USC can offer you to achieve your dreams. 3. Supplemental Essay #2 Describe how you plan to pursue your academic interests at USC. Please feel free to address your first- and second-choice major selections. (250 word limit) TIP: This is essentially your Why USC supplemental essay. Do your research about the program you want to apply. In fact, reach out to the professors in the department youre interested in studying and learn more about the program. Its important to know what USC offers, so you can talk about how those resources and facilities can enable you to achieve your interests or support your studies in a specific field. Do not just iterate what programs they have. This essay is about how USC can help you in a way no other universities can, and about how you can give back to the universitys community by being a part of it.Ourpremium plansoffer different level of profile access and data insights that can help you get into your dream school. Unlock any of ourpackagesor search ourundergraduate profile databaseto find specific profiles that can help you make an informed choice about where to apply!

Free Essays on Virtual Reality

Introduction Close your eyes and imagine yourself being able to jump off the Empire State Building and fly over New York City on your own personal tour. You catch a glimpse of Madison Square Garden and a breathtaking view of Broadway. Jump back a few hundred years into the medieval times and joust with a knight. One last visualization- you are playing baseball in Busch Stadium on the same team as Mark McGuire. The crowd is wild. You soak up the glory as you realize they are cheering for you! Now stop fantasizing. These things will probably never happen to you in real life. However, there is a way that you can experience the feeling that something like this is happening. If you’re open to new ideas and you have a good imagination, virtual reality maybe a toy for you! What exactly is virtual reality? Well, virtual reality can be defined as any medium where one feels a sense of â€Å"immersion† and â€Å"presence† in the environment generated or descri bed. This means that if your imagination is wild enough, watching any television show or reading a book can be virtual reality. I will define virtual reality as a highly interactive, computer-generated environment. Graphics-based virtual reality allows one to break the 2-Dimensional constraints of today’s familiar equipment and has many practical applications. Four of these applications are medical, space exploration and training, physical, and entertainment. Body Medical researchers have been using virtual reality techniques to synthesize diagnostic images of a patient’s body to do predictive modeling of radiation treatment using images created by ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and X-ray. A radiation therapist in a virtual world could view and expose a tumor at any angle and then model specific doses and configuration of radiation beams to aim at the tumor more effectively. Since radiation destroys human tissue easily, there is n... Free Essays on Virtual Reality Free Essays on Virtual Reality Virtual Reality - What it is and How it Works Imagine being able to point into the sky and fly. Or perhaps walk through space and connect molecules together. These are some of the dreams that have come with the invention of virtual reality. With the introduction of computers, numerous applications have been enhanced or created. The newest technology that is being tapped is that of artificial reality, or "virtual reality" (VR). When Morton Heilig first got a patent for his "Sensorama Simulator" in 1962, he had no idea that 30 years later people would still be trying to simulate reality and that they would be doing it so effectively. Jaron Lanier first coined the phrase "virtual reality" around 1989, and it has stuck ever since. Unfortunately, this catchy name has caused people to dream up incredible uses for this technology including using it as a sort of drug. This became evident when, among other people, Timothy Leary became interested in VR. This has also worried some of the researchers who are trying to create very real appli cations for medical, space, physical, chemical, and entertainment uses among other things. In order to create this alternate reality, however, you need to find ways to create the illusion of reality with a piece of machinery known as the computer. This is done with several computer-user interfaces used to simulate the senses. Among these, are stereoscopic glasses to make the simulated world look real, a 3D auditory display to give depth to sound, sensor lined gloves to simulate tactile feedback, and head-trackers to follow the orientation of the head. Since the technology is fairly young, these interfaces have not been perfected, making for a somewhat cartoonish simulated reality. Stereoscopic vision is probably the most important feature of VR because in real life, people rely mainly on vision to get places and do things. The eyes are approximately 6.5 centimeters apart, and allow you to have a full-colour, thr... Free Essays on Virtual Reality Virtual Reality is considered one of the most exciting technologies today, constantly evolving and improving. According to Eric Drexler, a world known pioneer in this field, VR is "A combination of computer and interface devices (goggles, gloves, etc.) that present a user with the illusion of being in a three dimensional world of computer generated objects." The term ^virtual reality,^ is not finite in its meaning, but generally includes desktop VR, immersion VR, where the goggles and gloves are used, and projection VR. The virtual reality technology is not yet perfect and still too expensive for the common man. The use of high-end VR is mainly restricted to larger companies, and to special areas such as medical surgery and pilot training. Home users are limited to desktop virtual reality programs, which lets them navigate in three-dimensional worlds, but seldom gives the feeling of actually being there. The entertainment industry has yet to embrace the technol! ogy in full scale, but in his book ^Virtual Reality^ Howard Rheingold states ^Used today in architecture, engineering and design, tomorrow in mass-market entertainment, surrogate travel, virtual surgery and cybersex, by the next century ^VR^ will have transformed our lives.^ Will VR cause people to lose their grip on the real world, or is it just a continuation of previous developments that took people to imaginary places? People seem to always have escaped to ^imaginary worlds^, to get a way from the stress of real life and to relax. We have all experienced Greek theatre, read novels and been to the cinema, and lived ourselves into fiction stories that we identify with. Our imagination creates a fiction world, which leads us away from real life for a moment of time. In our own utopia, we forget contemporary problems of reality. Even though the virtual reality technology creates a utopia for us to explore, it is in a lot of ways different from other developments we know so well... Free Essays on Virtual Reality TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 WHAT IS VIRTUAL REALITY? 4 HOW DOES VIRTUAL REALITY WORK? 5 v The Three Levels of VR : 5 THE HISTORY OF VIRTUAL REALITY 7 VIRTUAL REALITY IN THE PRESENT 8 VIRTUAL REALITY IN THE FUTURE 9 THE TECHNOLOGY BEHIND VIRTUAL REALITY 9 v Video Display Devices: 10 v Audio Output Devices: 10 v Tactile Response Devices: 11 v Interactive Input Devices: 11 v Computers and Software: 12 IMMERSIVE & NON IMMERSIVE VR 12 v The Cave: 13 v Head-Mounted Display (HMD): 13 v The Boom: 14 v Input Devices and other Sensual Technologies: 14 v Shared Virtual Environments: 15 v VRML: 15 DRAWBACKS OF VR 16 THE SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF VIRTUAL REALITY 17 v The New Rules of Behavior: 17 v Adverse Effects: 17 Applications of VR 18 v A List of Existing VR examples: 18 DETAILED APPLICATIONS OF VR: 19 v Architecture: 19 v Visualization: 21 v Entertainment: 21 v VR in Movies: 22 v Manufacturing: 25 v Augmented Reality: 25 v Education & Training: 26 v Medical: 27 SUMMARY 27 CONCLUSION 28 BIBLIOGRAPHY 28 INTRODUCTION Throughout the many stages of media Virtual Reality (VR) has helped us to extend our perception, imagination and manipulation. VR is just an extra step on the long road, bringing the imagination as close and realistic as reality itself. After the first experiments in the fifties with complex kinesthetic devices like multiple cameras, senso-motoric devices and even smell generators, more elegant head-mounted devices were developed in the early nineties. Both defense research and the computer games industry were the main stimulators of VR. VR is everything and it is hard to describe what VR is not: It encapsulates all previous media, even books, slides, pictures, audio, video and multimedia. The typical contribution of VR is its effect of ‘immersion’; the user feels as if (s)he is in a different world. Both the sensations and the actions of the user should resemble as much a... Free Essays on Virtual Reality Introduction Close your eyes and imagine yourself being able to jump off the Empire State Building and fly over New York City on your own personal tour. You catch a glimpse of Madison Square Garden and a breathtaking view of Broadway. Jump back a few hundred years into the medieval times and joust with a knight. One last visualization- you are playing baseball in Busch Stadium on the same team as Mark McGuire. The crowd is wild. You soak up the glory as you realize they are cheering for you! Now stop fantasizing. These things will probably never happen to you in real life. However, there is a way that you can experience the feeling that something like this is happening. If you’re open to new ideas and you have a good imagination, virtual reality maybe a toy for you! What exactly is virtual reality? Well, virtual reality can be defined as any medium where one feels a sense of â€Å"immersion† and â€Å"presence† in the environment generated or descri bed. This means that if your imagination is wild enough, watching any television show or reading a book can be virtual reality. I will define virtual reality as a highly interactive, computer-generated environment. Graphics-based virtual reality allows one to break the 2-Dimensional constraints of today’s familiar equipment and has many practical applications. Four of these applications are medical, space exploration and training, physical, and entertainment. Body Medical researchers have been using virtual reality techniques to synthesize diagnostic images of a patient’s body to do predictive modeling of radiation treatment using images created by ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and X-ray. A radiation therapist in a virtual world could view and expose a tumor at any angle and then model specific doses and configuration of radiation beams to aim at the tumor more effectively. Since radiation destroys human tissue easily, there is n... Free Essays on Virtual Reality The VR Centre for the Built Environment, a winner of an Office of Science & Technology Foresight Challenge Award, was established in June 1997 at University College London and Imperial College London. This is an interdisciplinary initiative involving the Bartlett, Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Centre for Transport Studies and the Departments of Computer Science, Geography and Geomatic Engineering at UCL and IC-Parc at Imperial College along with a consortium of 16 industrial partners. It aims to research, develop and disseminate ways of designing, producing and operating buildings and urban areas using virtual reality techniques. The VR Centre's role is to bring the full range of computer graphics, interaction and digital data to the virtual building that currently drives the design-development-operation cycle. Information, analysis and simulations are being synthesised to allow design teams and their clients to predict the performance of proposals at both the urban and building scale. Virtual models are being developed to capture information on performance during the operational life of the building so that this can be fed back into future projects. The Centre is focusing on three key generic technologies: Technologies to help clients and end users understand the consequences of decisions; Technologies to allow better visualisation and interaction with design proposals; Technologies to capture information about the operation of the built environment and to feed that information back into the design, construction and operation process.... Free Essays on Virtual Reality Virtual Reality Virtual reality (VR) is the use of a computer to create an artificial environment that appears and feels like a real environment and allows users to explore a space and manipulate the environment. In its simplest form, a VR application displays what appears to be a three- dimentional view of a place or object, such as landscape, building, molecules, or red blood cell, which users can explore. For example, architects can use VR software to show clients how a building will look after a construction or remodeling project. In more advanced forms, VR software requires that users wear specialized headgear, body suits, and gloves to enhance the experience of the artificial environment (Vance and Reed 34-58). The headgear displays the artificial environment in front of a users eyes. The body suit and the gloves sense motion and direction, allowing a user to move through, pick up, or hold items displayed in the virtual environment. Experts predict that eventually the body suits will provide tactile feedback so users can experience the touch and feel of the virtual world. Many games, such as flight simulators, use virtual reality. In these games special visors allow users to see the computer-generated environment. As the user walks around the game's electronic landscape, sensors in the surrounding game machine record movements and change the view of the landscape accordingly. Companies increasingly are using VR for more practical commercial applications, as well. Automobile dealers, for example, use virtual showrooms in which customers can view the exterior and interior of available vehicles. Airplane manufacturers use virtual prototypes to test new models and shorten product design time. Many firms use personal computer-based VR applications for employee training (Shelly Cashman Series ®Microsoft Word 2000 Project 2). As computing power and the use of ...